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Using although, though, even though, whereas, while and however.
Practice: build the sentences →English can express contrast by showing that one fact, action, or situation is unexpected in relation to another.
Common structures include although, though, even though, whereas, while, despite, in spite of, however, nevertheless, and nonetheless.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Хотя шёл дождь, мы пошли гулять.
"Although" introduces a subordinate contrast clause.
Even though he was tired, he continued working.
Даже хотя он устал, он продолжал работать.
"Even though" introduces a stronger contrast.
John prefers tea, whereas Mary prefers coffee.
Джон предпочитает чай, тогда как Мэри предпочитает кофе.
"Whereas" contrasts two people.
While I like the city, my brother prefers the countryside.
В то время как я люблю город, мой брат предпочитает сельскую местность.
"While" contrasts two preferences.
Despite the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"In spite of" has the same function as "despite".
The task was difficult. However, we completed it.
Задача была трудной. Однако мы её выполнили.
"However" is a sentence connector expressing contrast.
The journey was difficult. Nevertheless, we enjoyed it.
Путешествие было трудным. Тем не менее нам понравилось.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes that the second fact remains true.
Although introduces a subordinate clause whose information contrasts with the main clause.
For example, Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Хотя шёл дождь, мы пошли гулять.
"Although" introduces a contrast with the main clause.
Although she was tired, she continued working.
Хотя она устала, она продолжала работать.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Although he studied hard, he still failed.
Хотя он усердно учился, он всё равно провалился.
"Although" introduces an unexpected contrast.
Although it was late, we decided to go out.
Хотя было поздно, мы решили пойти гулять.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Although she is young, she is very experienced.
Хотя она молода, она очень опытна.
"Although" contrasts youth with experience.
Although the book was long, it was interesting.
Хотя книга была длинной, она была интересной.
"Although" contrasts length with interest.
Although he was busy, he found time to help.
Хотя он был занят, он нашёл время помочь.
"Although" contrasts being busy with helping.
Although she was angry, she remained calm.
Хотя она злилась, она оставалась спокойной.
"Although" contrasts anger with calmness.
Though can introduce a contrast clause and is generally more common in informal or conversational English than although.
For example, Though it was late, we continued working.
Though it was late, we continued working.
Хотя было поздно, мы продолжали работать.
"Though" introduces a contrast clause, more informal than "although".
Though she was tired, she finished the project.
Хотя она устала, она закончила проект.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though it was raining, we went for a walk.
Хотя шёл дождь, мы пошли гулять.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though he was tired, he continued working.
Хотя он устал, он продолжал работать.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though the book was long, it was fascinating.
Хотя книга была длинной, она была увлекательной.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though she was young, she was very experienced.
Хотя она была молодой, она была очень опытной.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though he was busy, he found time to help.
Хотя он был занят, он нашёл время помочь.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Though she was angry, she remained calm.
Хотя она злилась, она оставалась спокойной.
"Though" introduces a contrast.
Even though introduces a stronger or more emphatic contrast than ordinary although or though.
For example, Even though he was tired, he continued working.
Even though he was tired, he continued working.
Даже хотя он устал, он продолжал работать.
"Even though" introduces a strong contrast.
Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.
Даже хотя шёл дождь, мы пошли гулять.
"Even though" introduces a strong contrast.
Even though she studied hard, she still failed.
Даже хотя она усердно училась, она всё равно провалилась.
"Even though" emphasizes the unexpected failure.
Even though he was busy, he found time to help.
Даже хотя он был занят, он нашёл время помочь.
"Even though" emphasizes the contrast.
Even though the car is old, it runs perfectly.
Даже хотя машина старая, она работает отлично.
"Even though" emphasizes the contrast between age and performance.
Even though she was angry, she remained calm.
Даже хотя она злилась, она оставалась спокойной.
"Even though" emphasizes the contrast.
Even though it was late, we decided to go out.
Даже хотя было поздно, мы решили пойти гулять.
"Even though" emphasizes the contrast.
Even though she was tired, she finished the project.
Даже хотя она устала, она закончила проект.
"Even though" emphasizes the contrast.
Although and even though both introduce contrast, but even though emphasizes that the contrast is especially strong or unexpected.
Compare Although he was tired, he continued working with Even though he was exhausted, he continued working.
Although he was tired, he continued working.
Хотя он устал, он продолжал работать.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Even though he was exhausted, he continued working.
Даже хотя он был измучен, он продолжал работать.
"Even though" emphasizes a stronger or more unexpected contrast.
Although it was raining, we went out.
Хотя шёл дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Even though it was pouring rain, we went out.
Даже хотя шёл проливной дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Even though" emphasizes a stronger contrast.
Although she was tired, she finished the report.
Хотя она устала, она закончила отчёт.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Even though she was completely exhausted, she finished the report.
Даже хотя она была совершенно измучена, она закончила отчёт.
"Even though" emphasizes a stronger contrast.
Although he was busy, he helped us.
Хотя он был занят, он помог нам.
"Although" introduces a contrast.
Even though he had no time at all, he helped us.
Даже хотя у него совсем не было времени, он помог нам.
"Even though" emphasizes a stronger contrast.
Although and though can normally occur before or after the main clause.
For example, Although it was expensive, I bought it and I bought it although it was expensive.
Although it was expensive, I bought it.
Хотя это было дорого, я купил это.
"Although" clause comes before the main clause.
I bought it although it was expensive.
Я купил это, хотя это было дорого.
"Although" clause comes after the main clause.
Though it was late, we continued working.
Хотя было поздно, мы продолжали работать.
"Though" clause comes before the main clause.
We continued working though it was late.
Мы продолжали работать, хотя было поздно.
"Though" clause comes after the main clause.
Although she was tired, she went to the gym.
Хотя она устала, она пошла в спортзал.
"Although" clause comes before the main clause.
She went to the gym although she was tired.
Она пошла в спортзал, хотя устала.
"Although" clause comes after the main clause.
Though he was busy, he answered the phone.
Хотя он был занят, он ответил на звонок.
"Though" clause comes before the main clause.
He answered the phone though he was busy.
Он ответил на звонок, хотя был занят.
"Though" clause comes after the main clause.
Though can appear at the end of a sentence as a conversational contrast marker.
For example, I liked the movie. It was a little long, though.
I liked the movie. It was a little long, though.
Мне понравился фильм. Он был немного длинным, впрочем.
"Though" at the end is a conversational contrast marker.
The food was good. It was expensive, though.
Еда была хорошей. Она была дорогой, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
She is nice. She can be quite direct, though.
Она милая. Она может быть довольно прямой, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a softer contrast.
The plan is good. It needs more work, though.
План хороший. Он нуждается в доработке, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
The hotel was comfortable. It was noisy, though.
Отель был удобным. Он был шумным, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
I enjoyed the trip. It rained a lot, though.
Мне понравилась поездка. Правда, часто шёл дождь.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
The book was interesting. It was very long, though.
Книга была интересной. Она была очень длинной, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
She speaks English well. She has an accent, though.
Она хорошо говорит по-английски. У неё есть акцент, впрочем.
"Though" at the end adds a conversational contrast.
Whereas introduces a clause contrasting one person, thing, or situation with another.
For example, John prefers tea, whereas Mary prefers coffee.
John prefers tea, whereas Mary prefers coffee.
Джон предпочитает чай, тогда как Мэри предпочитает кофе.
"Whereas" contrasts two preferences.
The first option is cheap, whereas the second is expensive.
Первый вариант дешёвый, тогда как второй дорогой.
"Whereas" contrasts two options.
She is very organized, whereas her brother is quite messy.
Она очень организованная, тогда как её брат довольно неаккуратный.
"Whereas" contrasts two people.
Some people enjoy cities, whereas others prefer the countryside.
Некоторые люди любят города, тогда как другие предпочитают сельскую местность.
"Whereas" contrasts two groups of people.
The north is cold, whereas the south is warm.
Север холодный, тогда как юг тёплый.
"Whereas" contrasts two regions.
He is very outgoing, whereas his sister is shy.
Он очень общительный, тогда как его сестра застенчивая.
"Whereas" contrasts two personalities.
The book is optimistic, whereas the film is quite dark.
Книга оптимистичная, тогда как фильм довольно мрачный.
"Whereas" contrasts two media.
The old system was slow, whereas the new one is very fast.
Старая система была медленной, тогда как новая очень быстрая.
"Whereas" contrasts two systems.
While can introduce a contrast between two situations or characteristics, in addition to its meaning of simultaneous time.
For example, While I like the city, my brother prefers the countryside.
While I like the city, my brother prefers the countryside.
В то время как я люблю город, мой брат предпочитает сельскую местность.
"While" contrasts two preferences.
While I enjoy reading, my brother prefers sports.
В то время как я люблю читать, мой брат предпочитает спорт.
"While" contrasts two activities.
While she is very organized, he is quite messy.
В то время как она очень организованная, он довольно неаккуратный.
"While" contrasts two personalities.
While I prefer tea, she prefers coffee.
В то время как я предпочитаю чай, она предпочитает кофе.
"While" contrasts two preferences.
While the book is long, it is very readable.
В то время как книга длинная, она очень легко читается.
"While" contrasts length with readability.
While he is very confident, she is quite shy.
В то время как он очень уверенный, она довольно застенчивая.
"While" contrasts two personalities.
While the first option is cheap, the second is expensive.
В то время как первый вариант дешёвый, второй дорогой.
"While" contrasts two options.
While I was tired, I still finished the work.
В то время как я устал, я всё же закончил работу.
"While" contrasts tiredness with finishing.
The meaning of while depends on whether the two clauses describe simultaneous events or contrasting situations.
For example, While I was cooking, he called expresses time, while While I like coffee, she prefers tea expresses contrast.
While I was cooking, he called.
Пока я готовил, он позвонил.
"While" expresses time here.
While I like coffee, she prefers tea.
В то время как я люблю кофе, она предпочитает чай.
"While" expresses contrast here.
While she was reading, the phone rang.
Пока она читала, зазвонил телефон.
"While" expresses simultaneous time.
While she is very talented, she lacks confidence.
В то время как она очень талантлива, ей не хватает уверенности.
"While" expresses contrast.
While they were talking, I made coffee.
Пока они разговаривали, я приготовил кофе.
"While" expresses simultaneous time.
While the plan is practical, it is very expensive.
В то время как план практичный, он очень дорогой.
"While" expresses contrast.
While I was studying, my brother watched TV.
Пока я учился, мой брат смотрел телевизор.
"While" expresses simultaneous time.
While I admire his work, I do not agree with his methods.
В то время как я восхищаюсь его работой, я не согласен с его методами.
"While" expresses contrast.
Despite introduces a noun phrase, pronoun, or gerund expressing a fact that contrasts with the main clause.
For example, Despite the rain, we went out and Despite being tired, she continued working.
Despite the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite being tired, she continued working.
Несмотря на усталость, она продолжала работать.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting gerund phrase.
Despite the delay, we arrived on time.
Несмотря на задержку, мы прибыли вовремя.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite his age, he is very active.
Несмотря на его возраст, он очень активен.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite the difficulties, they succeeded.
Несмотря на трудности, они добились успеха.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite having no experience, she got the job.
Несмотря на отсутствие опыта, она получила работу.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting gerund phrase.
Despite the noise, I managed to concentrate.
Несмотря на шум, мне удалось сосредоточиться.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite the cold, they went for a walk.
Несмотря на холод, они пошли гулять.
"Despite" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of has the same basic function as despite and is followed by a noun phrase, pronoun, or gerund.
For example, In spite of the rain, we went out.
In spite of the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of being tired, she continued working.
Несмотря на усталость, она продолжала работать.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting gerund phrase.
In spite of the delay, we arrived on time.
Несмотря на задержку, мы прибыли вовремя.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of his age, he is very active.
Несмотря на его возраст, он очень активен.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of the difficulties, they succeeded.
Несмотря на трудности, они добились успеха.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of having no experience, she got the job.
Несмотря на отсутствие опыта, она получила работу.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting gerund phrase.
In spite of the noise, I managed to concentrate.
Несмотря на шум, мне удалось сосредоточиться.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
In spite of the cold, they went for a walk.
Несмотря на холод, они пошли гулять.
"In spite of" introduces a contrasting noun phrase.
Despite normally introduces a noun phrase or gerund, while although introduces a finite clause.
Compare Despite the rain, we went out with Although it was raining, we went out.
Despite the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Despite" introduces a noun phrase.
Although it was raining, we went out.
Хотя шёл дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Although" introduces a finite clause.
Despite being tired, she continued working.
Несмотря на усталость, она продолжала работать.
"Despite" introduces a gerund phrase.
Although she was tired, she continued working.
Хотя она устала, она продолжала работать.
"Although" introduces a finite clause.
Despite his age, he is very active.
Несмотря на его возраст, он очень активен.
"Despite" introduces a noun phrase.
Although he is old, he is very active.
Хотя он стар, он очень активен.
"Although" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the difficulties, they succeeded.
Несмотря на трудности, они добились успеха.
"Despite" introduces a noun phrase.
Although there were difficulties, they succeeded.
Хотя были трудности, они добились успеха.
"Although" introduces a finite clause.
Despite can be followed by the fact that when a full finite clause is needed.
For example, Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out.
Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out.
Несмотря на то, что шёл дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that she was tired, she continued working.
Несмотря на то, что она устала, она продолжала работать.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that he studied hard, he still failed.
Несмотря на то, что он усердно учился, он всё равно провалился.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that the car is old, it runs perfectly.
Несмотря на то, что машина старая, она работает отлично.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that she was angry, she remained calm.
Несмотря на то, что она злилась, она оставалась спокойной.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that it was late, we decided to go out.
Несмотря на то, что было поздно, мы решили пойти гулять.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that he was busy, he found time to help.
Несмотря на то, что он был занят, он нашёл время помочь.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
Despite the fact that the book was long, it was interesting.
Несмотря на то, что книга была длинной, она была интересной.
"Despite the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of can be followed by the fact that when a full finite clause is needed.
For example, In spite of the fact that he was tired, he continued working.
In spite of the fact that he was tired, he continued working.
Несмотря на то, что он устал, он продолжал работать.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that it was raining, we went out.
Несмотря на то, что шёл дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that she studied hard, she still failed.
Несмотря на то, что она усердно училась, она всё равно провалилась.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that the car is old, it runs perfectly.
Несмотря на то, что машина старая, она работает отлично.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that she was angry, she remained calm.
Несмотря на то, что она злилась, она оставалась спокойной.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that it was late, we decided to go out.
Несмотря на то, что было поздно, мы решили пойти гулять.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that he was busy, he found time to help.
Несмотря на то, что он был занят, он нашёл время помочь.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
In spite of the fact that the book was long, it was interesting.
Несмотря на то, что книга была длинной, она была интересной.
"In spite of the fact that" introduces a finite clause.
However introduces a contrast with previously stated information and functions as a sentence connector rather than a subordinating conjunction.
For example, The task was difficult. However, we completed it.
The task was difficult. However, we completed it.
Задача была трудной. Однако мы её выполнили.
"However" is a sentence connector expressing contrast.
It was raining. However, we decided to go for a walk.
Шёл дождь. Однако мы решили пойти гулять.
"However" is a sentence connector.
She was tired. However, she continued working.
Она устала. Однако она продолжала работать.
"However" is a sentence connector.
The book was long. However, it was very interesting.
Книга была длинной. Однако она была очень интересной.
"However" is a sentence connector.
He studied hard. However, he still failed the exam.
Он усердно учился. Однако он всё равно провалил экзамен.
"However" is a sentence connector.
The car is old. However, it runs perfectly.
Машина старая. Однако она работает отлично.
"However" is a sentence connector.
She is young. However, she is very experienced.
Она молода. Однако она очень опытна.
"However" is a sentence connector.
The weather was bad. However, we enjoyed the trip.
Погода была плохой. Однако нам понравилась поездка.
"However" is a sentence connector.
However is normally separated from the surrounding clause by appropriate punctuation when it functions as a parenthetical sentence connector.
For example, The task, however, was completed on time.
The task, however, was completed on time.
Задача, однако, была выполнена вовремя.
"However" appears in the middle of the sentence, separated by commas.
The weather, however, was terrible.
Погода, однако, была ужасной.
"However" appears parenthetically in the middle of the clause.
She, however, did not agree with the plan.
Она, однако, не согласилась с планом.
"However" appears after the subject for contrast.
The results, however, were surprising.
Результаты, однако, были удивительными.
"However" appears in the middle, set off by commas.
The plan, however, had several flaws.
План, однако, имел несколько недостатков.
"However" is parenthetical within the clause.
The team, however, managed to win.
Команда, однако, сумела победить.
"However" appears in the middle for contrast.
The evidence, however, was inconclusive.
Доказательства, однако, были неубедительными.
"However" is parenthetical within the clause.
He, however, refused to accept the offer.
Он, однако, отказался принять предложение.
"However" appears after the subject for emphasis.
Nevertheless introduces a fact that remains true despite the preceding information.
For example, The journey was difficult. Nevertheless, we enjoyed it.
The journey was difficult. Nevertheless, we enjoyed it.
Путешествие было трудным. Тем не менее нам понравилось.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes that the second fact remains true.
The task was complex. Nevertheless, we completed it on time.
Задача была сложной. Тем не менее мы выполнили её вовремя.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes a contrasting point.
The evidence was weak. Nevertheless, the jury convicted him.
Доказательства были слабыми. Тем не менее присяжные признали его виновным.
"Nevertheless" introduces an unexpected result.
The weather was terrible. Nevertheless, we went for a walk.
Погода была ужасной. Тем не менее мы пошли гулять.
"Nevertheless" introduces a contrasting action.
The plan had flaws. Nevertheless, it was approved.
План имел недостатки. Тем не менее он был одобрен.
"Nevertheless" introduces an unexpected outcome.
She was exhausted. Nevertheless, she finished the race.
Она была измучена. Тем не менее она закончила гонку.
"Nevertheless" introduces a contrasting achievement.
The odds were against us. Nevertheless, we won.
Шансы были против нас. Тем не менее мы победили.
"Nevertheless" introduces an unexpected victory.
The book was long. Nevertheless, I read it in one sitting.
Книга была длинной. Тем не менее я прочитал её за один раз.
"Nevertheless" introduces a contrasting action.
Nonetheless has a similar meaning and grammatical function to nevertheless and is common in formal writing.
For example, The evidence was limited. Nonetheless, the researchers reached a conclusion.
The evidence was limited. Nonetheless, the researchers reached a conclusion.
Доказательства были ограничены. Тем не менее исследователи пришли к выводу.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting point in formal writing.
The task was difficult. Nonetheless, we completed it.
Задача была трудной. Тем не менее мы её выполнили.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting point.
The data were incomplete. Nonetheless, the analysis proceeded.
Данные были неполными. Тем не менее анализ продолжился.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting action.
The theory was controversial. Nonetheless, it gained support.
Теория была спорной. Тем не менее она получила поддержку.
"Nonetheless" introduces an unexpected outcome.
The weather was bad. Nonetheless, the event was a success.
Погода была плохой. Тем не менее мероприятие прошло успешно.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting result.
The plan had risks. Nonetheless, we decided to proceed.
План имел риски. Тем не менее мы решили продолжить.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting decision.
She was inexperienced. Nonetheless, she performed well.
Она была неопытной. Тем не менее она выступила хорошо.
"Nonetheless" introduces a contrasting achievement.
The opposition was strong. Nonetheless, the bill passed.
Оппозиция была сильной. Тем не менее законопроект был принят.
"Nonetheless" introduces an unexpected result.
However generally signals contrast, while nevertheless more strongly emphasizes that the second statement remains true despite the first.
For example, The method is expensive. However, it is effective. Nevertheless, we decided to use it.
The method is expensive. However, it is effective.
Метод дорогой. Однако он эффективен.
"However" signals contrast.
The method is expensive. Nevertheless, we decided to use it.
Метод дорогой. Тем не менее мы решили его использовать.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes that the second statement remains true despite the first.
The weather was bad. However, we went for a walk.
Погода была плохой. Однако мы пошли гулять.
"However" signals contrast.
The weather was bad. Nevertheless, we enjoyed the trip.
Погода была плохой. Тем не менее нам понравилась поездка.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes that the enjoyment remained true.
The book was long. However, it was interesting.
Книга была длинной. Однако она была интересной.
"However" signals contrast.
The book was long. Nevertheless, I read it in one sitting.
Книга была длинной. Тем не менее я прочитал её за один раз.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes that the action happened despite the length.
The evidence was weak. However, the jury convicted him.
Доказательства были слабыми. Однако присяжные признали его виновным.
"However" signals contrast.
The evidence was weak. Nevertheless, the jury convicted him.
Доказательства были слабыми. Тем не менее присяжные признали его виновным.
"Nevertheless" emphasizes the unexpected outcome.
On the other hand introduces a contrasting perspective, alternative, or consideration.
For example, The apartment is small. On the other hand, it is in an excellent location.
The apartment is small. On the other hand, it is in an excellent location.
Квартира маленькая. С другой стороны, она в отличном месте.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting perspective.
The job is demanding. On the other hand, it pays well.
Работа требовательная. С другой стороны, она хорошо оплачивается.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting consideration.
The car is expensive. On the other hand, it is very reliable.
Машина дорогая. С другой стороны, она очень надёжная.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting consideration.
The course is difficult. On the other hand, it is very rewarding.
Курс сложный. С другой стороны, он очень полезен.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting consideration.
The house is old. On the other hand, it has a lot of character.
Дом старый. С другой стороны, у него много характера.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting perspective.
The plan is risky. On the other hand, the potential reward is high.
План рискованный. С другой стороны, потенциальная награда высока.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting consideration.
The book is long. On the other hand, it is very thorough.
Книга длинная. С другой стороны, она очень подробная.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting perspective.
The team is inexperienced. On the other hand, they are very enthusiastic.
Команда неопытная. С другой стороны, они очень воодушевлены.
"On the other hand" introduces a contrasting consideration.
On the contrary strongly contradicts or rejects a preceding negative or opposite statement.
For example, I did not find the task difficult. On the contrary, I found it quite easy.
I did not find the task difficult. On the contrary, I found it quite easy.
Я не нашёл задачу трудной. Напротив, я нашёл её довольно лёгкой.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
He is not lazy. On the contrary, he works very hard.
Он не ленивый. Напротив, он очень усердно работает.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
The film was not boring. On the contrary, it was fascinating.
Фильм не был скучным. Напротив, он был увлекательным.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
She did not fail. On the contrary, she passed with distinction.
Она не провалилась. Напротив, она сдала с отличием.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
The plan is not impractical. On the contrary, it is quite feasible.
План не непрактичен. Напротив, он вполне осуществим.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
The weather was not cold. On the contrary, it was quite warm.
Погода не была холодной. Напротив, было довольно тепло.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
He is not incompetent. On the contrary, he is highly skilled.
Он не некомпетентен. Напротив, он высококвалифицирован.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
The results were not disappointing. On the contrary, they exceeded expectations.
Результаты не были разочаровывающими. Напротив, они превзошли ожидания.
"On the contrary" contradicts the preceding negative statement.
On the other hand presents another perspective, while on the contrary directly contradicts what was previously said.
For example, The car is expensive. On the other hand, it is reliable contrasts two considerations, while The car is not unreliable. On the contrary, it is extremely reliable contradicts the previous claim.
The car is expensive. On the other hand, it is reliable.
Машина дорогая. С другой стороны, она надёжная.
"On the other hand" presents another perspective.
The car is not unreliable. On the contrary, it is extremely reliable.
Машина не ненадёжна. Напротив, она чрезвычайно надёжна.
"On the contrary" directly contradicts the previous claim.
The job is demanding. On the other hand, it pays well.
Работа требовательная. С другой стороны, она хорошо оплачивается.
"On the other hand" presents another perspective.
The job is not boring. On the contrary, it is very exciting.
Работа не скучная. Напротив, она очень захватывающая.
"On the contrary" directly contradicts the previous claim.
The apartment is small. On the other hand, it is in a great location.
Квартира маленькая. С другой стороны, она в отличном месте.
"On the other hand" presents another perspective.
The apartment is not cramped. On the contrary, it is quite spacious.
Квартира не тесная. Напротив, она довольно просторная.
"On the contrary" directly contradicts the previous claim.
The plan is risky. On the other hand, the reward is high.
План рискованный. С другой стороны, награда высока.
"On the other hand" presents another perspective.
The plan is not impossible. On the contrary, it is quite feasible.
План не невозможен. Напротив, он вполне осуществим.
"On the contrary" directly contradicts the previous claim.
No matter how introduces a concessive clause showing that the result is unaffected by degree.
For example, No matter how hard you try, you cannot control everything.
No matter how hard you try, you cannot control everything.
Как бы усердно ты ни старался, ты не можешь контролировать всё.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause showing the result is unaffected by degree.
No matter how tired I am, I always finish my work.
Как бы я ни устал, я всегда заканчиваю свою работу.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how much he earns, he never seems satisfied.
Сколько бы он ни зарабатывал, он никогда не бывает доволен.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how difficult the task is, she never gives up.
Какой бы трудной ни была задача, она никогда не сдаётся.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how carefully you plan, things can still go wrong.
Как бы тщательно ты ни планировал, всё может пойти не так.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how far you go, you cannot escape yourself.
Как бы далеко ты ни ушёл, ты не можешь убежать от себя.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how long it takes, we will finish the project.
Сколько бы времени это ни заняло, мы закончим проект.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter how often I tell him, he never listens.
Как бы часто я ему ни говорил, он никогда не слушает.
"No matter how" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what introduces a concessive clause meaning regardless of what happens or what is true.
For example, No matter what happens, we will continue.
No matter what happens, we will continue.
Что бы ни случилось, мы продолжим.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause meaning regardless of what happens.
No matter what you say, I will not change my mind.
Что бы ты ни говорил, я не изменю своего решения.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what the weather is like, we will go for a walk.
Какая бы ни была погода, мы пойдём гулять.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what he does, he always seems to succeed.
Что бы он ни делал, он всегда добивается успеха.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what you decide, I will support you.
Что бы ты ни решил, я тебя поддержу.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what the cost, we must protect the environment.
Чего бы это ни стоило, мы должны защищать окружающую среду.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what they say, she is determined to succeed.
Что бы они ни говорили, она полна решимости добиться успеха.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
No matter what happens next, we have done our best.
Что бы ни случилось дальше, мы сделали всё возможное.
"No matter what" introduces a concessive clause.
Even if introduces a hypothetical condition, while even though introduces a fact that is presented as true.
Compare Even if it rains, we will go with Even though it is raining, we are going.
Even if it rains, we will go.
Даже если пойдёт дождь, мы пойдём.
"Even if" introduces a hypothetical condition.
Even though it is raining, we are going.
Даже хотя идёт дождь, мы идём.
"Even though" introduces a fact presented as true.
Even if she apologizes, I will not forgive her.
Даже если она извинится, я её не прощу.
"Even if" introduces a hypothetical condition.
Even though she apologized, I still feel hurt.
Даже хотя она извинилась, мне всё ещё больно.
"Even though" introduces a fact presented as true.
Even if you study all night, you will not pass.
Даже если ты будешь учиться всю ночь, ты не сдашь.
"Even if" introduces a hypothetical condition.
Even though he studied all night, he still failed.
Даже хотя он учился всю ночь, он всё равно провалился.
"Even though" introduces a fact presented as true.
Even if it is cold, we will go for a walk.
Даже если будет холодно, мы пойдём гулять.
"Even if" introduces a hypothetical condition.
Even though it is cold, we are going for a walk.
Даже хотя холодно, мы идём гулять.
"Even though" introduces a fact presented as true.
However much and however many introduce concessive clauses in which the quantity or degree does not affect the result.
For example, However much you pay, you will not get priority service.
However much you pay, you will not get priority service.
Сколько бы ты ни платил, ты не получишь приоритетного обслуживания.
"However much" introduces a concessive clause about quantity.
However many times I tell him, he never listens.
Сколько бы раз я ему ни говорил, он никогда не слушает.
"However many" introduces a concessive clause about number.
However much he earns, he never seems satisfied.
Сколько бы он ни зарабатывал, он никогда не бывает доволен.
"However much" introduces a concessive clause about quantity.
However many people come, we will find space for them.
Сколько бы людей ни пришло, мы найдём для них место.
"However many" introduces a concessive clause about number.
However much I practice, I never seem to improve.
Сколько бы я ни практиковался, я, кажется, не улучшаюсь.
"However much" introduces a concessive clause about quantity.
However many attempts you make, the result will be the same.
Сколько бы попыток ты ни делал, результат будет тем же.
"However many" introduces a concessive clause about number.
However much time we spend on it, the outcome is uncertain.
Сколько бы времени мы на это ни тратили, результат неопределён.
"However much" introduces a concessive clause about quantity.
However many mistakes he makes, he never gives up.
Сколько бы ошибок он ни делал, он никогда не сдаётся.
"However many" introduces a concessive clause about number.
In formal or literary English, adjective or adverb + as can introduce a concessive clause.
For example, Tired as he was, he continued working and Much as I like the idea, I cannot support it.
Tired as he was, he continued working.
Как бы он ни устал, он продолжал работать.
Adjective + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Much as I like the idea, I cannot support it.
Как бы мне ни нравилась эта идея, я не могу её поддержать.
Adverb + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Old as the car is, it still runs perfectly.
Как бы стара машина ни была, она всё ещё работает отлично.
Adjective + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Hard as she tried, she could not solve the problem.
Как бы она ни старалась, она не могла решить проблему.
Adverb + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Young as she is, she is very experienced.
Как бы молода она ни была, она очень опытна.
Adjective + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Carefully as he listened, he could not understand the instructions.
Как бы внимательно он ни слушал, он не мог понять инструкции.
Adverb + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Brave as they were, they could not face the danger alone.
Как бы они ни были храбры, они не могли в одиночку противостоять опасности.
Adjective + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Patiently as she waited, she eventually lost hope.
Как бы терпеливо она ни ждала, она в конце концов потеряла надежду.
Adverb + as introduces a concessive clause in formal style.
Contrast clauses can generally occur before or after the main clause, with punctuation depending on their position and structure.
For example, Although it was expensive, I bought it and I bought it although it was expensive.
Although it was expensive, I bought it.
Хотя это было дорого, я купил это.
Contrast clause before the main clause.
I bought it although it was expensive.
Я купил это, хотя это было дорого.
Contrast clause after the main clause.
Though it was late, we continued working.
Хотя было поздно, мы продолжали работать.
Contrast clause before the main clause.
We continued working though it was late.
Мы продолжали работать, хотя было поздно.
Contrast clause after the main clause.
Even though she was tired, she went to the gym.
Даже хотя она устала, она пошла в спортзал.
Contrast clause before the main clause.
She went to the gym even though she was tired.
Она пошла в спортзал, даже хотя устала.
Contrast clause after the main clause.
Although he was busy, he answered the phone.
Хотя он был занят, он ответил на звонок.
Contrast clause before the main clause.
He answered the phone although he was busy.
Он ответил на звонок, хотя был занят.
Contrast clause after the main clause.
Choose the contrast structure according to whether the following material is a finite clause, noun phrase, gerund, or separate sentence-level connector.
Common mistakes include using despite directly before a finite clause, treating however as a conjunction like but, confusing even if with even though, and using on the contrary where only a contrasting perspective is intended.
Despite the rain, we went out.
Несмотря на дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
Correct: "despite" introduces a noun phrase.
Despite it was raining, we went out.
Несмотря на то, что шёл дождь, мы вышли на улицу.
Incorrect: "despite" cannot be followed directly by a finite clause.
The plan was expensive, but we approved it.
План был дорогим, но мы его одобрили.
Correct: "but" is a coordinating conjunction.
The plan was expensive, however, we approved it.
План был дорогим, однако мы его одобрили.
Incorrect: comma splice with "however".
Even if it rains, we will go.
Даже если пойдёт дождь, мы пойдём.
Correct: "even if" introduces a hypothetical condition.
Even though it will rain, we will go.
Даже хотя пойдёт дождь, мы пойдём.
Incorrect: "even though" should not be used for a hypothetical condition.
The apartment is small. On the other hand, it is in a great location.
Квартира маленькая. С другой стороны, она в отличном месте.
Correct: "on the other hand" presents a contrasting perspective.
The apartment is not small. On the contrary, it is quite spacious.
Квартира не маленькая. Напротив, она довольно просторная.
Correct: "on the contrary" contradicts the previous claim.