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Using conjunctions such as when, while, before, after, until and since.
Practice: build the sentences →Time conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses that show when one event or situation occurs in relation to another.
Common time conjunctions include when, while, as, before, after, until, since, once, and as soon as.
Call me when you arrive.
Позвони мне, когда приедешь.
"When" introduces a time clause.
She listened while I was speaking.
Она слушала, пока я говорил.
"While" introduces a time clause.
As I was leaving, he called.
Когда я уходил, он позвонил.
"As" introduces a time clause.
Wash your hands before you eat.
Помой руки перед тем, как есть.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
We went home after the meeting ended.
Мы пошли домой после того, как собрание закончилось.
"After" introduces a later action.
Wait here until I come back.
Подожди здесь, пока я не вернусь.
"Until" introduces an endpoint.
I have lived here since I graduated.
Я живу здесь с тех пор, как окончил университет.
"Since" introduces a starting point.
Call me as soon as you arrive.
Позвони мне, как только приедешь.
"As soon as" introduces an immediate time relationship.
When introduces a clause identifying the time at which an event or situation occurs.
For example, Call me when you arrive.
Call me when you arrive.
Позвони мне, когда приедешь.
"When" introduces the time of the call.
When the meeting ended, we left.
Когда собрание закончилось, мы ушли.
"When" introduces the time of leaving.
I will call you when I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, когда приеду.
"When" introduces the time of calling.
When it started raining, we went inside.
Когда начался дождь, мы вошли внутрь.
"When" introduces the time of going inside.
She was happy when she heard the news.
Она была счастлива, когда услышала новость.
"When" introduces the time of being happy.
When you finish your work, let me know.
Когда закончишь работу, дай мне знать.
"When" introduces the time for letting know.
He smiled when he saw her.
Он улыбнулся, когда увидел её.
"When" introduces the time of smiling.
When the sun set, the sky turned orange.
Когда солнце село, небо стало оранжевым.
"When" introduces the time of the sky turning orange.
When is commonly used when one event occurs at or around the time of another event.
For example, When I opened the door, the dog ran outside.
When I opened the door, the dog ran outside.
Когда я открыл дверь, собака выбежала на улицу.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When she called, I was cooking dinner.
Когда она позвонила, я готовил ужин.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When the film started, everyone stopped talking.
Когда фильм начался, все перестали разговаривать.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When he arrived, we started the meeting.
Когда он прибыл, мы начали собрание.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When I saw her, I waved.
Когда я увидел её, я помахал рукой.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When the lights went out, everyone screamed.
Когда свет погас, все закричали.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When she graduated, she moved to London.
Когда она окончила университет, она переехала в Лондон.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When the train arrived, we got on.
Когда поезд прибыл, мы сели.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
When can also introduce repeated or habitual events.
For example, When I visit my parents, we usually have dinner together.
When I visit my parents, we usually have dinner together.
Когда я навещаю родителей, мы обычно ужинаем вместе.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When it rains, we stay home.
Когда идёт дождь, мы остаёмся дома.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When she is tired, she takes a nap.
Когда она устаёт, она вздремнёт.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When he gets home, he always checks his email.
Когда он приходит домой, он всегда проверяет почту.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When we travel, we usually take the train.
Когда мы путешествуем, мы обычно едем на поезде.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When I am stressed, I go for a run.
Когда я в стрессе, я иду на пробежку.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When they visit us, they bring presents.
Когда они навещают нас, они приносят подарки.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
When the weather is nice, we eat outside.
Когда погода хорошая, мы едим на улице.
"When" introduces a repeated event.
While introduces a time clause describing an action or situation that continues during another event.
For example, She listened while I was speaking.
She listened while I was speaking.
Она слушала, пока я говорил.
"While" introduces an ongoing action during another event.
While she was cooking, he set the table.
Пока она готовила, он накрывал на стол.
"While" introduces two simultaneous actions.
While I was reading, the phone rang.
Пока я читал, зазвонил телефон.
"While" introduces an ongoing action interrupted by another.
While they were talking, I made coffee.
Пока они разговаривали, я приготовил кофе.
"While" introduces a simultaneous action.
While the children played, we talked.
Пока дети играли, мы разговаривали.
"While" introduces simultaneous actions.
She sang while she was working.
Она пела, пока работала.
"While" introduces a simultaneous action.
While I was studying, my brother watched TV.
Пока я учился, мой брат смотрел телевизор.
"While" introduces a simultaneous action.
He fell asleep while he was watching television.
Он заснул, пока смотрел телевизор.
"While" introduces an ongoing action.
While is especially common when the subordinate clause describes an ongoing activity.
For example, I fell asleep while I was watching television.
I fell asleep while I was watching television.
Я заснул, пока смотрел телевизор.
"While" is common with ongoing activities.
She was reading while I was cooking.
Она читала, пока я готовил.
"While" introduces an ongoing activity.
While he was driving, he listened to the radio.
Пока он вёл машину, он слушал радио.
"While" introduces an ongoing activity.
They were talking while they were waiting for the bus.
Они разговаривали, пока ждали автобус.
"While" introduces an ongoing activity.
I was listening to music while I was studying.
Я слушал музыку, пока учился.
"While" introduces an ongoing activity.
She was smiling while she was reading the letter.
Она улыбалась, пока читала письмо.
"While" introduces an ongoing activity.
While it was raining, we stayed inside.
Пока шёл дождь, мы оставались внутри.
"While" introduces an ongoing situation.
He was cooking while she was setting the table.
Он готовил, пока она накрывала на стол.
"While" introduces simultaneous ongoing activities.
As can introduce a clause describing two events or situations occurring at roughly the same time.
For example, As I was leaving the office, my manager called me.
As I was leaving the office, my manager called me.
Когда я выходил из офиса, менеджер позвонил мне.
"As" introduces two events occurring at roughly the same time.
As she was opening the door, the phone rang.
Когда она открывала дверь, зазвонил телефон.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As we were walking home, it started to rain.
Когда мы шли домой, начался дождь.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As I was reading, I heard a noise.
Когда я читал, я услышал шум.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As he was leaving, she arrived.
Когда он уходил, она пришла.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As they were talking, the lights went out.
Когда они разговаривали, свет погас.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As I was cooking, I burned my hand.
Когда я готовил, я обжёг руку.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
As she was singing, the audience clapped.
Когда она пела, публика хлопала.
"As" introduces simultaneous events.
When, while, and as can all express simultaneous time, but while and as more strongly emphasize an ongoing or overlapping situation.
For example, When I arrived, she was cooking; While I was walking home, it started to rain; As I was leaving, he called.
When I arrived, she was cooking.
Когда я прибыл, она готовила.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
While I was walking home, it started to rain.
Пока я шёл домой, начался дождь.
"While" emphasizes an ongoing situation.
As I was leaving, he called.
Когда я уходил, он позвонил.
"As" emphasizes simultaneous events.
When she called, I was cooking dinner.
Когда она позвонила, я готовил ужин.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
While she was cooking, he set the table.
Пока она готовила, он накрывал на стол.
"While" emphasizes an ongoing situation.
As he was driving, he listened to the radio.
Пока он вёл машину, он слушал радио.
"As" emphasizes simultaneous events.
When the film started, everyone stopped talking.
Когда фильм начался, все перестали разговаривать.
"When" introduces a one-time event.
While I was reading, the phone rang.
Пока я читал, зазвонил телефон.
"While" emphasizes an ongoing situation.
Before introduces an event or situation that occurs earlier than the event in the main clause.
For example, Wash your hands before you eat.
Wash your hands before you eat.
Помой руки перед тем, как есть.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
Call me before you leave.
Позвони мне перед тем, как уйдёшь.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
Before you go, say goodbye.
Перед тем как уйти, попрощайся.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
I will call you before I leave.
Я позвоню тебе перед тем, как уйду.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
Before it rains, we should leave.
Перед тем как пойдёт дождь, нам следует уйти.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
She studied before she took the exam.
Она училась перед тем, как сдавать экзамен.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
Before we go, let us check the tickets.
Перед тем как уйти, давайте проверим билеты.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
He had breakfast before he went to work.
Он позавтракал перед тем, как пойти на работу.
"Before" introduces an earlier action.
Before can introduce a past event that occurred earlier than another past event.
For example, She had left before I arrived.
She had left before I arrived.
Она ушла до того, как я прибыл.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
He had finished his homework before he went out.
Он закончил домашнюю работу до того, как пошёл гулять.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
They had eaten before the film started.
Они поели до того, как начался фильм.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
She had already left before I called.
Она уже ушла до того, как я позвонил.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
The train had departed before we reached the station.
Поезд отправился до того, как мы добрались до станции.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
He had read the book before he saw the film.
Он прочитал книгу до того, как посмотрел фильм.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
She had prepared dinner before the guests arrived.
Она приготовила ужин до того, как пришли гости.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
They had met before they started working together.
Они познакомились до того, как начали работать вместе.
"Before" introduces an earlier past event.
After introduces an event or situation that occurs later than the event in the subordinate clause.
For example, We went home after the meeting ended.
We went home after the meeting ended.
Мы пошли домой после того, как собрание закончилось.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
After she graduated, she found a job.
После того как она окончила университет, она нашла работу.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
We had dinner after the film ended.
Мы поужинали после того, как фильм закончился.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
After he apologized, she forgave him.
После того как он извинился, она его простила.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
She felt better after she took the medicine.
Она почувствовала себя лучше после того, как приняла лекарство.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
After the storm passed, we left the shelter.
После того как буря прошла, мы покинули укрытие.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
He went to bed after he finished his homework.
Он пошёл спать после того, как закончил домашнюю работу.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
After they arrived, we started dinner.
После того как они прибыли, мы начали ужинать.
"After" introduces an earlier event.
After can emphasize that one action was completed before the next action occurred.
For example, After she had finished the report, she sent it to her manager.
After she had finished the report, she sent it to her manager.
После того как она закончила отчёт, она отправила его менеджеру.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
After he had eaten, he went for a walk.
После того как он поел, он пошёл гулять.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
After they had finished the project, they celebrated.
После того как они закончили проект, они отпраздновали.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
She went home after she had completed the task.
Она пошла домой после того, как выполнила задание.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
After he had apologized, she agreed to talk.
После того как он извинился, она согласилась поговорить.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
After the meeting had ended, everyone left the room.
После того как собрание закончилось, все вышли из комнаты.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
She called me after she had heard the news.
Она позвонила мне после того, как услышала новость.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
After we had cleaned the house, we relaxed.
После того как мы убрали дом, мы отдохнули.
"After" emphasizes that one action was completed before the next.
Until introduces the endpoint up to which an action or state continues.
For example, Wait here until I come back.
Wait here until I come back.
Подожди здесь, пока я не вернусь.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of waiting.
She stayed until the meeting ended.
Она оставалась, пока собрание не закончилось.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of staying.
We waited until the rain stopped.
Мы ждали, пока дождь не прекратился.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of waiting.
He worked until he was exhausted.
Он работал, пока не выдохся.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of working.
Keep going until you reach the station.
Продолжай идти, пока не достигнешь станции.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of going.
She read until she fell asleep.
Она читала, пока не заснула.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of reading.
They talked until the sun came up.
Они разговаривали, пока не взошло солнце.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of talking.
Wait until the light turns green.
Подожди, пока не загорится зелёный свет.
"Until" introduces the endpoint of waiting.
Till can function as an informal alternative to until in expressions of time.
For example, Stay here till I get back.
Stay here till I get back.
Оставайся здесь, пока я не вернусь.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
Wait till the rain stops.
Подожди, пока дождь не прекратится.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
She worked till midnight.
Она работала до полуночи.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
They stayed till the party ended.
Они оставались до конца вечеринки.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
He read till he fell asleep.
Он читал, пока не заснул.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
We talked till the sun came up.
Мы разговаривали, пока не взошло солнце.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
Wait till I call you.
Подожди, пока я не позову тебя.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
She stayed till the meeting ended.
Она оставалась до конца собрания.
"Till" is an informal alternative to "until".
Until focuses on the endpoint of a continuing situation, while by the time focuses on a point by which another event has already occurred or will have occurred.
For example, I waited until six differs from By the time I arrived, the meeting had started.
I waited until six.
Я ждал до шести.
"Until" focuses on the endpoint of a continuing situation.
By the time I arrived, the meeting had started.
К тому времени, как я прибыл, собрание уже началось.
"By the time" focuses on a point by which another event had already occurred.
She waited until the rain stopped.
Она ждала, пока дождь не прекратился.
"Until" focuses on the endpoint of waiting.
By the time she arrived, we had already eaten.
К тому времени, как она прибыла, мы уже поели.
"By the time" focuses on a point by which another event had already occurred.
He worked until midnight.
Он работал до полуночи.
"Until" focuses on the endpoint of working.
By the time he finished, everyone had left.
К тому времени, как он закончил, все уже ушли.
"By the time" focuses on a point by which another event had already occurred.
We stayed until the party ended.
Мы оставались до конца вечеринки.
"Until" focuses on the endpoint of staying.
By the time we arrived, the film had started.
К тому времени, как мы прибыли, фильм уже начался.
"By the time" focuses on a point by which another event had already occurred.
Since introduces the point in time from which a situation has continued up to a reference time.
For example, I have lived here since I graduated.
I have lived here since I graduated.
Я живу здесь с тех пор, как окончил университет.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
She has been working here since 2015.
Она работает здесь с 2015 года.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
I have not seen him since he moved away.
Я не видел его с тех пор, как он уехал.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
We have been friends since we were children.
Мы друзья с детства.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
They have lived in London since 2010.
Они живут в Лондоне с 2010 года.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
She has been ill since last week.
Она болеет с прошлой недели.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
He has known her since university.
Он знает её с университета.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
I have been waiting since noon.
Я жду с полудня.
"Since" introduces a starting point in time.
Since clauses commonly occur with perfect tenses when the main-clause situation continues from a past starting point to the present or another reference time.
For example, She has worked here since she finished university.
She has worked here since she finished university.
Она работает здесь с тех пор, как окончила университет.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
I have lived here since I graduated.
Я живу здесь с тех пор, как окончил университет.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
They have been friends since they were children.
Они друзья с детства.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
He has been ill since last week.
Он болеет с прошлой недели.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
We have not seen him since he moved away.
Мы не видели его с тех пор, как он уехал.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
She has been waiting since noon.
Она ждёт с полудня.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
I have known her since university.
Я знаю её с университета.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
They have lived in London since 2010.
Они живут в Лондоне с 2010 года.
"Since" clause with present perfect in the main clause.
Once introduces a time or condition meaning after a particular event has happened or a condition has been satisfied.
For example, Once the work is finished, we can leave.
Once the work is finished, we can leave.
Как только работа будет закончена, мы можем уйти.
"Once" introduces a time or condition relationship.
Once you start, you cannot stop.
Как только ты начнёшь, ты не сможешь остановиться.
"Once" introduces a time/condition relationship.
Once she decides, she never changes her mind.
Как только она решает, она никогда не меняет своего мнения.
"Once" introduces a time/condition relationship.
Once you have seen it, you will understand.
Как только ты это увидишь, ты поймёшь.
"Once" introduces a time/condition relationship.
Once the meeting ended, everyone left.
Как только собрание закончилось, все ушли.
"Once" introduces a time relationship.
Once you learn the basics, it becomes easier.
Как только ты освоишь основы, становится легче.
"Once" introduces a time/condition relationship.
Once the sun set, it got cold.
Как только солнце село, стало холодно.
"Once" introduces a time relationship.
Once she apologized, he forgave her.
Как только она извинилась, он её простил.
"Once" introduces a time relationship.
As soon as introduces an event that occurs immediately or very shortly after another event.
For example, Call me as soon as you arrive.
Call me as soon as you arrive.
Позвони мне, как только приедешь.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
As soon as the meeting ended, we left.
Как только собрание закончилось, мы ушли.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
She called as soon as she heard the news.
Она позвонила, как только услышала новость.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
As soon as it stops raining, we will go out.
Как только дождь прекратится, мы пойдём гулять.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
He left as soon as he finished his work.
Он ушёл, как только закончил работу.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
As soon as the sun rose, the birds began to sing.
Как только солнце взошло, птицы начали петь.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
I will call you as soon as I get home.
Я позвоню тебе, как только доберусь домой.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
She smiled as soon as she saw him.
Она улыбнулась, как только увидела его.
"As soon as" introduces an event immediately after another.
When referring to the future, the time clause after as soon as normally uses a present form rather than will.
For example, I will call you as soon as I arrive, not as soon as I will arrive.
I will call you as soon as I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, как только приеду.
Present form "arrive" used in the future time clause.
I will call you as soon as I will arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, как только приеду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "as soon as" for ordinary future reference.
She will leave as soon as the meeting ends.
Она уйдёт, как только собрание закончится.
Present form "ends" used in the future time clause.
She will leave as soon as the meeting will end.
Она уйдёт, как только собрание закончится.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "as soon as".
We will start as soon as everyone arrives.
Мы начнём, как только все прибудут.
Present form "arrives" used in the future time clause.
We will start as soon as everyone will arrive.
Мы начнём, как только все прибудут.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "as soon as".
He will call as soon as he gets home.
Он позвонит, как только доберётся домой.
Present form "gets" used in the future time clause.
He will call as soon as he will get home.
Он позвонит, как только доберётся домой.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "as soon as".
A subordinate time clause referring to the future normally uses a present tense rather than will.
For example, I will call you when I arrive, not when I will arrive.
I will call you when I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, когда приеду.
Present form "arrive" used in the future time clause.
I will call you when I will arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, когда приеду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "when" for ordinary future reference.
She will leave when the meeting ends.
Она уйдёт, когда собрание закончится.
Present form "ends" used in the future time clause.
She will leave when the meeting will end.
Она уйдёт, когда собрание закончится.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "when".
We will start when everyone arrives.
Мы начнём, когда все прибудут.
Present form "arrives" used in the future time clause.
We will start when everyone will arrive.
Мы начнём, когда все прибудут.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "when".
He will call when he gets home.
Он позвонит, когда доберётся домой.
Present form "gets" used in the future time clause.
He will call when he will get home.
Он позвонит, когда доберётся домой.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "when".
A before-clause referring to the future normally uses a present form rather than will.
For example, Finish the work before you leave, not before you will leave.
Finish the work before you leave.
Закончи работу перед тем, как уйдёшь.
Present form "leave" used in the future time clause.
Finish the work before you will leave.
Закончи работу перед тем, как уйдёшь.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "before".
I will call you before I leave.
Я позвоню тебе перед тем, как уйду.
Present form "leave" used in the future time clause.
I will call you before I will leave.
Я позвоню тебе перед тем, как уйду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "before".
We will discuss it before we make a decision.
Мы обсудим это перед тем, как примем решение.
Present form "make" used in the future time clause.
We will discuss it before we will make a decision.
Мы обсудим это перед тем, как примем решение.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "before".
She will call before she arrives.
Она позвонит перед тем, как прибудет.
Present form "arrives" used in the future time clause.
She will call before she will arrive.
Она позвонит перед тем, как прибудет.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "before".
An after-clause referring to the future normally uses a present form rather than will.
For example, I will call you after I arrive, not after I will arrive.
I will call you after I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе после того, как приеду.
Present form "arrive" used in the future time clause.
I will call you after I will arrive.
Я позвоню тебе после того, как приеду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "after".
We will go home after the meeting ends.
Мы пойдём домой после того, как собрание закончится.
Present form "ends" used in the future time clause.
We will go home after the meeting will end.
Мы пойдём домой после того, как собрание закончится.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "after".
She will start after she finishes her work.
Она начнёт после того, как закончит работу.
Present form "finishes" used in the future time clause.
She will start after she will finish her work.
Она начнёт после того, как закончит работу.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "after".
He will call after he gets home.
Он позвонит после того, как доберётся домой.
Present form "gets" used in the future time clause.
He will call after he will get home.
Он позвонит после того, как доберётся домой.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "after".
An until-clause referring to the future normally uses a present form rather than will.
For example, We will wait until she arrives, not until she will arrive.
We will wait until she arrives.
Мы будем ждать, пока она не прибудет.
Present form "arrives" used in the future time clause.
We will wait until she will arrive.
Мы будем ждать, пока она не прибудет.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "until".
Wait until the light turns green.
Подожди, пока не загорится зелёный свет.
Present form "turns" used in the future time clause.
Wait until the light will turn green.
Подожди, пока не загорится зелёный свет.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "until".
I will stay here until you come back.
Я останусь здесь, пока ты не вернёшься.
Present form "come" used in the future time clause.
I will stay here until you will come back.
Я останусь здесь, пока ты не вернёшься.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "until".
She will keep working until she finishes the project.
Она будет продолжать работать, пока не закончит проект.
Present form "finishes" used in the future time clause.
She will keep working until she will finish the project.
Она будет продолжать работать, пока не закончит проект.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "until".
Whenever introduces a repeated or indefinite time relationship meaning at any time when.
For example, Whenever I visit London, I use the underground.
Whenever I visit London, I use the underground.
Всякий раз, когда я бываю в Лондоне, я пользуюсь метро.
"Whenever" introduces a repeated or indefinite time relationship.
Call me whenever you need help.
Позвони мне, когда бы тебе ни понадобилась помощь.
"Whenever" introduces a repeated or indefinite time relationship.
Whenever it rains, we stay home.
Всякий раз, когда идёт дождь, мы остаёмся дома.
"Whenever" introduces a repeated time relationship.
She visits us whenever she is in town.
Она навещает нас всякий раз, когда бывает в городе.
"Whenever" introduces an indefinite time relationship.
Whenever I see him, he is always smiling.
Всякий раз, когда я его вижу, он всегда улыбается.
"Whenever" introduces a repeated time relationship.
You can come whenever you like.
Ты можешь приходить, когда хочешь.
"Whenever" introduces an indefinite time relationship.
Whenever she is tired, she takes a nap.
Всякий раз, когда она устаёт, она вздремнёт.
"Whenever" introduces a repeated time relationship.
He calls me whenever he has good news.
Он звонит мне всякий раз, когда у него хорошие новости.
"Whenever" introduces an indefinite time relationship.
Every time can introduce a repeated time relationship similar to whenever when an event occurs on each relevant occasion.
For example, Every time I see him, he tells the same story.
Every time I see him, he tells the same story.
Каждый раз, когда я его вижу, он рассказывает одну и ту же историю.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time it rains, the roof leaks.
Каждый раз, когда идёт дождь, крыша протекает.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time she visits, she brings flowers.
Каждый раз, когда она приезжает, она приносит цветы.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time I call, the line is busy.
Каждый раз, когда я звоню, линия занята.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time he speaks, everyone listens.
Каждый раз, когда он говорит, все слушают.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time we meet, we argue.
Каждый раз, когда мы встречаемся, мы ссоримся.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time she smiles, he blushes.
Каждый раз, когда она улыбается, он краснеет.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Every time I eat there, I feel sick.
Каждый раз, когда я там ем, мне становится плохо.
"Every time" introduces a repeated time relationship.
Expressions such as the first time and the last time can introduce clauses describing a particular occasion.
For example, The first time I visited Paris, I stayed near the river.
The first time I visited Paris, I stayed near the river.
Первый раз, когда я посетил Париж, я остановился у реки.
"The first time" introduces a particular occasion.
The last time I saw him, he was happy.
Последний раз, когда я его видел, он был счастлив.
"The last time" introduces a particular occasion.
The first time she tried sushi, she loved it.
Первый раз, когда она попробовала суши, ей понравилось.
"The first time" introduces a particular occasion.
The last time we met, we talked for hours.
Последний раз, когда мы встречались, мы разговаривали часами.
"The last time" introduces a particular occasion.
The first time he drove a car, he was nervous.
Первый раз, когда он вёл машину, он нервничал.
"The first time" introduces a particular occasion.
The last time she called, she sounded tired.
Последний раз, когда она звонила, она звучала уставшей.
"The last time" introduces a particular occasion.
The first time they met, they became friends immediately.
Первый раз, когда они встретились, они сразу стали друзьями.
"The first time" introduces a particular occasion.
The last time I ate there, the food was excellent.
Последний раз, когда я там ел, еда была отличной.
"The last time" introduces a particular occasion.
By the time introduces a reference point by which another event has already happened or will have happened.
For example, By the time we arrived, the film had started.
By the time we arrived, the film had started.
К тому времени, как мы прибыли, фильм уже начался.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time she finished, everyone had left.
К тому времени, как она закончила, все уже ушли.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time he arrived, the meeting had ended.
К тому времени, как он прибыл, собрание уже закончилось.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time I got home, dinner was ready.
К тому времени, как я добрался домой, ужин был готов.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time we arrived, the concert had started.
К тому времени, как мы прибыли, концерт уже начался.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time she called, I had already left.
К тому времени, как она позвонила, я уже ушёл.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time they finished, the sun had set.
К тому времени, как они закончили, солнце уже село.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
By the time I arrived, the party had ended.
К тому времени, как я прибыл, вечеринка уже закончилась.
"By the time" introduces a reference point by which another event had already happened.
No sooner ... than describes two events occurring in very rapid succession and commonly uses inversion in formal English.
For example, No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain.
No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain.
Как только мы прибыли, начался дождь.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had she left than the phone rang.
Как только она ушла, зазвонил телефон.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience applauded.
Как только он закончил речь, аудитория зааплодировала.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had I closed the door than the cat jumped in.
Как только я закрыл дверь, кошка вбежала внутрь.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had they sat down than the food arrived.
Как только они сели, принесли еду.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had the meeting started than the fire alarm went off.
Как только началось собрание, сработала пожарная тревога.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had she seen the snake than she screamed.
Как только она увидела змею, она закричала.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
No sooner had the sun risen than the birds began to sing.
Как только солнце взошло, птицы начали петь.
"No sooner ... than" describes two events in very rapid succession with inversion.
Hardly and scarcely can describe two events occurring almost immediately one after another, often with inversion in formal English.
For example, Hardly had I arrived when the meeting began.
Hardly had I arrived when the meeting began.
Едва я прибыл, как началось собрание.
"Hardly ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Scarcely had she finished speaking when the lights went out.
Едва она закончила говорить, как свет погас.
"Scarcely ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Hardly had we left the house when it started raining.
Едва мы вышли из дома, как начался дождь.
"Hardly ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Scarcely had I closed my eyes when the alarm went off.
Едва я закрыл глаза, как сработал будильник.
"Scarcely ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Hardly had she spoken when everyone fell silent.
Едва она заговорила, как все замолчали.
"Hardly ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Scarcely had the sun set when the stars appeared.
Едва солнце село, как появились звёзды.
"Scarcely ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Hardly had he sat down when the phone rang.
Едва он сел, как зазвонил телефон.
"Hardly ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
Scarcely had they arrived when the ceremony began.
Едва они прибыли, как началась церемония.
"Scarcely ... when" describes two events occurring almost immediately with inversion.
A time clause can appear before or after the main clause, with a comma commonly used when the subordinate clause comes first.
For example, When I arrived, she left and She left when I arrived.
When I arrived, she left.
Когда я прибыл, она ушла.
Time clause before the main clause, followed by a comma.
She left when I arrived.
Она ушла, когда я прибыл.
Time clause after the main clause without a comma.
Before you leave, say goodbye.
Перед тем как уйти, попрощайся.
Time clause before the main clause, followed by a comma.
Say goodbye before you leave.
Попрощайся перед тем, как уйти.
Time clause after the main clause without a comma.
After the meeting ended, we went home.
После того как собрание закончилось, мы пошли домой.
Time clause before the main clause, followed by a comma.
We went home after the meeting ended.
Мы пошли домой после того, как собрание закончилось.
Time clause after the main clause without a comma.
While I was reading, the phone rang.
Пока я читал, зазвонил телефон.
Time clause before the main clause, followed by a comma.
The phone rang while I was reading.
Телефон зазвонил, пока я читал.
Time clause after the main clause without a comma.
The tense chosen in a time clause depends on the temporal relationship and whether the reference is present, past, or future.
For example, When I arrived, she was sleeping; When I arrive tomorrow, she will be working.
When I arrived, she was sleeping.
Когда я прибыл, она спала.
Past simple in the time clause and past continuous in the main clause.
When I arrive tomorrow, she will be working.
Когда я приеду завтра, она будет работать.
Present form "arrive" in the future time clause and future continuous in the main clause.
After she had finished the report, she sent it to her manager.
После того как она закончила отчёт, она отправила его менеджеру.
Past perfect in the time clause and past simple in the main clause.
By the time we arrived, the film had started.
К тому времени, как мы прибыли, фильм уже начался.
Past simple in the time clause and past perfect in the main clause.
I will call you as soon as I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, как только приеду.
Present form "arrive" in the future time clause and future simple in the main clause.
She has worked here since she finished university.
Она работает здесь с тех пор, как окончила университет.
Past simple in the time clause and present perfect in the main clause.
While I was walking home, it started to rain.
Пока я шёл домой, начался дождь.
Past continuous in the time clause and past simple in the main clause.
Once the work is finished, we can leave.
Как только работа будет закончена, мы можем уйти.
Present form "is" in the time clause and modal "can" in the main clause.
Words such as before, after, and since can introduce either clauses or noun phrases depending on what follows them.
For example, before we leave contains a clause, while before lunch is followed by a noun phrase.
before we leave
перед тем, как мы уйдём
"Before" functions as a subordinating conjunction before a clause.
before lunch
перед обедом
"Before" functions as a preposition before a noun phrase.
after the meeting ended
после того, как собрание закончилось
"After" functions as a subordinating conjunction before a clause.
after the meeting
после собрания
"After" functions as a preposition before a noun phrase.
since he arrived
с тех пор, как он прибыл
"Since" functions as a subordinating conjunction before a clause.
since 2015
с 2015 года
"Since" functions as a preposition before a noun phrase.
until she comes back
пока она не вернётся
"Until" functions as a subordinating conjunction before a clause.
until midnight
до полуночи
"Until" functions as a preposition before a noun phrase.
Some temporal expressions allow repeated material to be omitted when the meaning remains clear.
For example, When ready, let me know is an abbreviated version of When you are ready, let me know.
When ready, let me know.
Когда будешь готов, дай мне знать.
Abbreviated version of "When you are ready".
When you are ready, let me know.
Когда будешь готов, дай мне знать.
Full version with subject and verb in the time clause.
While in Paris, we visited the Louvre.
Будучи в Париже, мы посетили Лувр.
Abbreviated version of "While we were in Paris".
While we were in Paris, we visited the Louvre.
Пока мы были в Париже, мы посетили Лувр.
Full version with subject and verb in the time clause.
When finished, the report should be submitted.
Когда будет закончен, отчёт должен быть сдан.
Abbreviated version of "When it is finished".
When it is finished, the report should be submitted.
Когда он будет закончен, отчёт должен быть сдан.
Full version with subject and verb in the time clause.
Once ready, we will begin.
Как только будем готовы, мы начнём.
Abbreviated version of "Once we are ready".
Once we are ready, we will begin.
Как только мы будем готовы, мы начнём.
Full version with subject and verb in the time clause.
Use the time conjunction that matches the temporal relationship and use appropriate tense forms in future time clauses.
Common mistakes include using will after when or as soon as for ordinary future reference, confusing until with by the time, misusing since, and confusing while with when.
I will call you when I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, когда приеду.
Correct: present form "arrive" in the future time clause.
I will call you when I will arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, когда приеду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "when" for ordinary future reference.
I will call you as soon as I arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, как только приеду.
Correct: present form "arrive" in the future time clause.
I will call you as soon as I will arrive.
Я позвоню тебе, как только приеду.
Incorrect: "will" is not used after "as soon as".
Wait until she arrives.
Подожди, пока она не прибудет.
Correct: "until" focuses on the endpoint of waiting.
By the time she arrives, we will have left.
К тому времени, как она прибудет, мы уже уйдём.
Correct: "by the time" focuses on a point by which another event will have occurred.
I have lived here since I graduated.
Я живу здесь с тех пор, как окончил университет.
Correct: "since" introduces a starting point in time.
While I was reading, the phone rang.
Пока я читал, зазвонил телефон.
Correct: "while" introduces an ongoing action interrupted by another.