Blog about English
Using each, every, either, neither and similar determiners.
Distributive determiners refer to individual members of a group rather than the group as a whole.
The main distributive determiners are each, every, either and neither.
Each student received a workbook.
Каждый студент получил рабочую тетрадь.
"Each" refers to the students individually.
Each student received a workbook.
Каждый студент получил рабочую тетрадь.
"Each" refers to the students individually.
Every employee must complete the training.
Каждый сотрудник должен пройти обучение.
"Every" refers to all members of the group individually.
Every employee must complete the training.
Каждый сотрудник должен пройти обучение.
"Every" refers to all members of the group individually.
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" refers to one of two alternatives.
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" refers to one of two alternatives.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" excludes both alternatives.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" excludes both alternatives.
Each apartment has its own parking space.
У каждой квартиры есть свое парковочное место.
"Each" distributes the property across individual apartments.
Each apartment has its own parking space.
У каждой квартиры есть свое парковочное место.
"Each" distributes the property across individual apartments.
Every customer receives a receipt.
Каждый клиент получает чек.
"Every" emphasizes that the rule applies to the whole group.
Every customer receives a receipt.
Каждый клиент получает чек.
"Every" emphasizes that the rule applies to the whole group.
Either restaurant would be a good choice.
Любой из двух ресторанов был бы хорошим выбором.
"Either" is limited to the two restaurants under consideration.
Either restaurant would be a good choice.
Любой из двух ресторанов был бы хорошим выбором.
"Either" is limited to the two restaurants under consideration.
Neither car is available today.
Ни одна из двух машин сегодня недоступна.
"Neither" means that both cars are excluded.
Neither car is available today.
Ни одна из двух машин сегодня недоступна.
"Neither" means that both cars are excluded.
Distributive determiners focus attention on individual people or things.
Unlike all or both, they emphasize members separately rather than collectively.
Each employee received a separate key.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный ключ.
"Each" emphasizes the employees separately.
Each employee received a separate key.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный ключ.
"Each" emphasizes the employees separately.
Every student has a school email address.
У каждого студента есть школьный адрес электронной почты.
"Every" applies the statement to every individual in the group.
Every student has a school email address.
У каждого студента есть школьный адрес электронной почты.
"Every" applies the statement to every individual in the group.
Either employee can help you.
Любой из двух сотрудников может тебе помочь.
"Either" focuses on either individual member of a pair.
Either employee can help you.
Любой из двух сотрудников может тебе помочь.
"Either" focuses on either individual member of a pair.
Neither candidate has enough experience.
Ни у одного из двух кандидатов нет достаточного опыта.
"Neither" focuses on both candidates separately and excludes both.
Neither candidate has enough experience.
Ни у одного из двух кандидатов нет достаточного опыта.
"Neither" focuses on both candidates separately and excludes both.
Each child received a different gift.
Каждый ребенок получил отдельный подарок.
"Each" is especially natural when individual treatment is important.
Each child received a different gift.
Каждый ребенок получил отдельный подарок.
"Each" is especially natural when individual treatment is important.
Every house on the street has a garage.
У каждого дома на улице есть гараж.
"Every" presents the same property as applying to the whole set.
Every house on the street has a garage.
У каждого дома на улице есть гараж.
"Every" presents the same property as applying to the whole set.
Either route will get you downtown.
Любой из двух маршрутов приведет тебя в центр.
"Either" considers the two routes as separate alternatives.
Either route will get you downtown.
Любой из двух маршрутов приведет тебя в центр.
"Either" considers the two routes as separate alternatives.
Neither option solves the problem.
Ни один из двух вариантов не решает проблему.
"Neither" shows that both individual alternatives fail.
Neither option solves the problem.
Ни один из двух вариантов не решает проблему.
"Neither" shows that both individual alternatives fail.
Each and every both refer to all members individually but differ in emphasis.
Each highlights separate individuals, while every emphasizes the complete set.
Each student received a different worksheet.
Каждый студент получил отдельный лист с заданиями.
"Each" highlights the students individually.
Each student received a different worksheet.
Каждый студент получил отдельный лист с заданиями.
"Each" highlights the students individually.
Every student completed the same assignment.
Каждый студент выполнил одно и то же задание.
"Every" emphasizes the complete group.
Every student completed the same assignment.
Каждый студент выполнил одно и то же задание.
"Every" emphasizes the complete group.
Each apartment has a different floor plan.
У каждой квартиры своя планировка.
"Each" focuses on differences among individual apartments.
Each apartment has a different floor plan.
У каждой квартиры своя планировка.
"Each" focuses on differences among individual apartments.
Every apartment in the building has a balcony.
В каждой квартире в здании есть балкон.
"Every" makes a general statement covering the whole set.
Every apartment in the building has a balcony.
В каждой квартире в здании есть балкон.
"Every" makes a general statement covering the whole set.
Each employee was interviewed separately.
С каждым сотрудником провели отдельное собеседование.
"Each" emphasizes individual treatment.
Each employee was interviewed separately.
С каждым сотрудником провели отдельное собеседование.
"Each" emphasizes individual treatment.
Every employee must follow the safety rules.
Каждый сотрудник должен соблюдать правила безопасности.
"Every" presents the rule as applying to all members.
Every employee must follow the safety rules.
Каждый сотрудник должен соблюдать правила безопасности.
"Every" presents the rule as applying to all members.
Each of the two rooms has a private bathroom.
В каждой из двух комнат есть отдельная ванная.
"Each" is natural when the two rooms are considered separately.
Each of the two rooms has a private bathroom.
В каждой из двух комнат есть отдельная ванная.
"Each" is natural when the two rooms are considered separately.
Every member of the team has access to the file.
Каждый член команды имеет доступ к файлу.
"Every" emphasizes full coverage of the team.
Every member of the team has access to the file.
Каждый член команды имеет доступ к файлу.
"Every" emphasizes full coverage of the team.
Either and neither are used when referring to two alternatives.
Either expresses one of two possibilities, while neither excludes both.
Either answer could be correct.
Любой из двух ответов может быть правильным.
"Either" presents two possible alternatives.
Either answer could be correct.
Любой из двух ответов может быть правильным.
"Either" presents two possible alternatives.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" means that both alternatives are wrong.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" means that both alternatives are wrong.
Either car can be used.
Можно использовать любую из двух машин.
"Either" allows one of the two cars to be chosen.
Either car can be used.
Можно использовать любую из двух машин.
"Either" allows one of the two cars to be chosen.
Neither car has enough gas.
Ни в одной из двух машин недостаточно бензина.
"Neither" excludes both cars.
Neither car has enough gas.
Ни в одной из двух машин недостаточно бензина.
"Neither" excludes both cars.
Either route will take about an hour.
Любой из двух маршрутов займет около часа.
"Either" treats the routes as two acceptable alternatives.
Either route will take about an hour.
Любой из двух маршрутов займет около часа.
"Either" treats the routes as two acceptable alternatives.
Neither route is safe at night.
Ни один из двух маршрутов небезопасен ночью.
"Neither" indicates that both alternatives are unsuitable.
Neither route is safe at night.
Ни один из двух маршрутов небезопасен ночью.
"Neither" indicates that both alternatives are unsuitable.
Either restaurant is within walking distance.
Любой из двух ресторанов находится в пешей доступности.
"Either" refers to one of two restaurants.
Either restaurant is within walking distance.
Любой из двух ресторанов находится в пешей доступности.
"Either" refers to one of two restaurants.
Neither restaurant is open on Sunday.
Ни один из двух ресторанов не открыт в воскресенье.
"Neither" excludes both restaurants.
Neither restaurant is open on Sunday.
Ни один из двух ресторанов не открыт в воскресенье.
"Neither" excludes both restaurants.
Distributive determiners normally take singular nouns and singular verbs.
Examples include Every student has a book and Neither answer is correct.
Each student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Each" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Each student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Each" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Every employee needs an ID card.
Каждому сотруднику нужно удостоверение.
"Every" takes singular agreement.
Every employee needs an ID card.
Каждому сотруднику нужно удостоверение.
"Every" takes singular agreement.
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" normally takes singular agreement.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" normally takes singular agreement.
Each of the employees has a locker.
У каждого из сотрудников есть шкафчик.
"Each of the" takes the singular verb "has".
Each of the employees has a locker.
У каждого из сотрудников есть шкафчик.
"Each of the" takes the singular verb "has".
Every one of the houses has a garage.
У каждого из домов есть гараж.
"Every one" is grammatically singular.
Every one of the houses has a garage.
У каждого из домов есть гараж.
"Every one" is grammatically singular.
Neither of the candidates is available.
Ни один из кандидатов не доступен.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Neither of the candidates is available.
Ни один из кандидатов не доступен.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Either of the options works for me.
Любой из вариантов мне подходит.
"Either of" takes singular agreement in standard English.
Either of the options works for me.
Любой из вариантов мне подходит.
"Either of" takes singular agreement in standard English.
The appropriate distributive determiner depends on the size of the group and the intended meaning.
Consider whether you are referring to all members, one of two members or neither of two members.
Each of the two students received a different book.
Каждый из двух студентов получил отдельную книгу.
"Each" is appropriate because the two students are considered individually.
Each of the two students received a different book.
Каждый из двух студентов получил отдельную книгу.
"Each" is appropriate because the two students are considered individually.
Every student in the class received a book.
Каждый студент в классе получил книгу.
"Every" is appropriate for a general statement about the whole group.
Every student in the class received a book.
Каждый студент в классе получил книгу.
"Every" is appropriate for a general statement about the whole group.
Either of the two buses will get you downtown.
Любой из двух автобусов доставит тебя в центр.
"Either" is appropriate because exactly two alternatives are involved.
Either of the two buses will get you downtown.
Любой из двух автобусов доставит тебя в центр.
"Either" is appropriate because exactly two alternatives are involved.
Neither of the two buses goes to the airport.
Ни один из двух автобусов не идет в аэропорт.
"Neither" is used when both alternatives are excluded.
Neither of the two buses goes to the airport.
Ни один из двух автобусов не идет в аэропорт.
"Neither" is used when both alternatives are excluded.
Each apartment has its own entrance.
У каждой квартиры есть отдельный вход.
"Each" emphasizes individual apartments.
Each apartment has its own entrance.
У каждой квартиры есть отдельный вход.
"Each" emphasizes individual apartments.
Every apartment in the building has central heating.
В каждой квартире в здании есть центральное отопление.
"Every" expresses a property shared by all members of the set.
Every apartment in the building has central heating.
В каждой квартире в здании есть центральное отопление.
"Every" expresses a property shared by all members of the set.
Either candidate could get the job.
Любой из двух кандидатов может получить работу.
"Either" is appropriate for two candidates.
Either candidate could get the job.
Любой из двух кандидатов может получить работу.
"Either" is appropriate for two candidates.
Neither candidate has enough experience.
Ни у одного из двух кандидатов нет достаточного опыта.
"Neither" is appropriate because neither of the two candidates qualifies.
Neither candidate has enough experience.
Ни у одного из двух кандидатов нет достаточного опыта.
"Neither" is appropriate because neither of the two candidates qualifies.
Distributive determiners contrast with collective determiners such as all and both.
Collective determiners treat members as a group, while distributive determiners treat them individually.
Each employee received a separate key.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный ключ.
"Each" treats the employees individually.
Each employee received a separate key.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный ключ.
"Each" treats the employees individually.
Every employee must complete the training.
Каждый сотрудник должен пройти обучение.
"Every" emphasizes that the rule applies to the whole set.
Every employee must complete the training.
Каждый сотрудник должен пройти обучение.
"Every" emphasizes that the rule applies to the whole set.
All employees attended the meeting.
Все сотрудники присутствовали на собрании.
"All" treats the employees as one complete group.
All employees attended the meeting.
Все сотрудники присутствовали на собрании.
"All" treats the employees as one complete group.
Both employees signed the document.
Оба сотрудника подписали документ.
"Both" treats two employees together as a pair.
Both employees signed the document.
Оба сотрудника подписали документ.
"Both" treats two employees together as a pair.
Each student received a different assignment.
Каждый студент получил отдельное задание.
"Each" emphasizes individual differences.
Each student received a different assignment.
Каждый студент получил отдельное задание.
"Each" emphasizes individual differences.
Every student completed the assignment.
Каждый студент выполнил задание.
"Every" focuses on complete coverage of the group.
Every student completed the assignment.
Каждый студент выполнил задание.
"Every" focuses on complete coverage of the group.
All students worked together on the project.
Все студенты работали над проектом вместе.
"All" emphasizes the group acting collectively.
All students worked together on the project.
Все студенты работали над проектом вместе.
"All" emphasizes the group acting collectively.
Both students worked together on the project.
Оба студента работали над проектом вместе.
"Both" emphasizes the complete pair of students.
Both students worked together on the project.
Оба студента работали над проектом вместе.
"Both" emphasizes the complete pair of students.
Some distributive determiners combine with of before pronouns and specific noun phrases.
Examples include each of us, neither of the answers and either of my friends.
Each of us has a different schedule.
У каждого из нас свой график.
"Each of" is followed by the pronoun "us".
Each of us has a different schedule.
У каждого из нас свой график.
"Each of" is followed by the pronoun "us".
Neither of the answers is correct.
Ни один из ответов не является правильным.
"Neither of" is followed by the specific noun phrase "the answers".
Neither of the answers is correct.
Ни один из ответов не является правильным.
"Neither of" is followed by the specific noun phrase "the answers".
Either of my friends can drive us home.
Любой из двух моих друзей может отвезти нас домой.
"Either of my friends" refers to two specific friends.
Either of my friends can drive us home.
Любой из двух моих друзей может отвезти нас домой.
"Either of my friends" refers to two specific friends.
Each of these houses has a garage.
У каждого из этих домов есть гараж.
"Each of" is followed by the demonstrative phrase "these houses".
Each of these houses has a garage.
У каждого из этих домов есть гараж.
"Each of" is followed by the demonstrative phrase "these houses".
Neither of them was ready.
Ни один из них не был готов.
"Neither of them" uses the object pronoun "them".
Neither of them was ready.
Ни один из них не был готов.
"Neither of them" uses the object pronoun "them".
Either of the two options will work.
Любой из двух вариантов подойдет.
"Either of the" introduces two specific options.
Either of the two options will work.
Любой из двух вариантов подойдет.
"Either of the" introduces two specific options.
Each of my parents has a different opinion.
У каждого из моих родителей свое мнение.
"Each of my parents" takes singular agreement.
Each of my parents has a different opinion.
У каждого из моих родителей свое мнение.
"Each of my parents" takes singular agreement.
Neither of those restaurants is open tonight.
Ни один из тех ресторанов не открыт сегодня вечером.
"Neither of those" refers to two specific restaurants.
Neither of those restaurants is open tonight.
Ни один из тех ресторанов не открыт сегодня вечером.
"Neither of those" refers to two specific restaurants.
Choosing a distributive determiner changes emphasis as well as meaning.
Careful selection makes writing more precise and natural.
Each employee received a different password.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный пароль.
"Each" emphasizes individual treatment.
Each employee received a different password.
Каждый сотрудник получил отдельный пароль.
"Each" emphasizes individual treatment.
Every employee received a security badge.
Каждый сотрудник получил пропуск.
"Every" emphasizes complete coverage of the group.
Every employee received a security badge.
Каждый сотрудник получил пропуск.
"Every" emphasizes complete coverage of the group.
Either employee can answer the question.
Любой из двух сотрудников может ответить на вопрос.
"Either" emphasizes that either individual member is an acceptable choice.
Either employee can answer the question.
Любой из двух сотрудников может ответить на вопрос.
"Either" emphasizes that either individual member is an acceptable choice.
Neither employee has the necessary permissions.
Ни у одного из двух сотрудников нет необходимых прав доступа.
"Neither" emphasizes that both individual alternatives are excluded.
Neither employee has the necessary permissions.
Ни у одного из двух сотрудников нет необходимых прав доступа.
"Neither" emphasizes that both individual alternatives are excluded.
Each apartment has its own entrance.
У каждой квартиры есть отдельный вход.
"Each" draws attention to the individual apartments.
Each apartment has its own entrance.
У каждой квартиры есть отдельный вход.
"Each" draws attention to the individual apartments.
Every apartment in the building has a balcony.
В каждой квартире в здании есть балкон.
"Every" sounds natural when stating a general property of the complete set.
Every apartment in the building has a balcony.
В каждой квартире в здании есть балкон.
"Every" sounds natural when stating a general property of the complete set.
Both candidates were interviewed, but each was asked different questions.
С обоими кандидатами провели собеседование, но каждому задали разные вопросы.
"Both" treats the pair collectively, while "each" then focuses on the individuals.
Both candidates were interviewed, but each was asked different questions.
С обоими кандидатами провели собеседование, но каждому задали разные вопросы.
"Both" treats the pair collectively, while "each" then focuses on the individuals.
All four employees joined the meeting, and each contributed an idea.
Все четверо сотрудников присоединились к собранию, и каждый внес свою идею.
"All" describes the group collectively, while "each" focuses on the individual members.
All four employees joined the meeting, and each contributed an idea.
Все четверо сотрудников присоединились к собранию, и каждый внес свою идею.
"All" describes the group collectively, while "each" focuses on the individual members.
Formal English consistently follows standard agreement patterns with distributive determiners.
Informal speech sometimes varies, particularly with neither.
Each of the proposals has been reviewed.
Каждое из предложений было рассмотрено.
Formal English uses singular agreement after "each of".
Each of the proposals has been reviewed.
Каждое из предложений было рассмотрено.
Formal English uses singular agreement after "each of".
Every member of the committee is entitled to vote.
Каждый член комитета имеет право голоса.
"Every" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Every member of the committee is entitled to vote.
Каждый член комитета имеет право голоса.
"Every" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Either of the proposed measures is acceptable.
Любая из двух предложенных мер приемлема.
"Either of" normally takes singular agreement in formal English.
Either of the proposed measures is acceptable.
Любая из двух предложенных мер приемлема.
"Either of" normally takes singular agreement in formal English.
Neither of the alternatives is consistent with the policy.
Ни одна из двух альтернатив не соответствует политике.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Neither of the alternatives is consistent with the policy.
Ни одна из двух альтернатив не соответствует политике.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Neither of the alternatives are consistent with the policy.
Ни одна из двух альтернатив не соответствует политике.
Plural agreement is found in informal speech, but singular agreement is safer in formal writing.
Neither of the alternatives are consistent with the policy.
Ни одна из двух альтернатив не соответствует политике.
Plural agreement is found in informal speech, but singular agreement is safer in formal writing.
Each applicant is required to submit two forms of identification.
Каждый кандидат должен предоставить два документа, удостоверяющих личность.
"Each applicant" requires singular agreement despite the plural phrase "two forms".
Each applicant is required to submit two forms of identification.
Каждый кандидат должен предоставить два документа, удостоверяющих личность.
"Each applicant" requires singular agreement despite the plural phrase "two forms".
Every one of the documents has been verified.
Каждый из документов был проверен.
"Every one of" is singular and takes "has".
Every one of the documents has been verified.
Каждый из документов был проверен.
"Every one of" is singular and takes "has".
Either of the two procedures may be used.
Можно использовать любую из двух процедур.
"Either of" is used because exactly two procedures are under consideration.
Either of the two procedures may be used.
Можно использовать любую из двух процедур.
"Either of" is used because exactly two procedures are under consideration.
Many distributive words can function as both determiners and pronouns.
Their grammatical role depends on whether they modify a noun or replace one.
Each student received a certificate.
Каждый студент получил сертификат.
"Each" is a determiner because it modifies the noun "student".
Each student received a certificate.
Каждый студент получил сертификат.
"Each" is a determiner because it modifies the noun "student".
Each received a certificate.
Каждый получил сертификат.
"Each" is a pronoun because it stands without a noun.
Each received a certificate.
Каждый получил сертификат.
"Each" is a pronoun because it stands without a noun.
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" functions as a determiner before "answer".
Either answer is acceptable.
Любой из двух ответов приемлем.
"Either" functions as a determiner before "answer".
Either is acceptable.
Любой из двух приемлем.
"Either" functions as a pronoun because the noun is omitted.
Either is acceptable.
Любой из двух приемлем.
"Either" functions as a pronoun because the noun is omitted.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" modifies the noun "answer".
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
"Neither" modifies the noun "answer".
Neither is correct.
Ни один из двух не является правильным.
"Neither" stands alone as a pronoun.
Neither is correct.
Ни один из двух не является правильным.
"Neither" stands alone as a pronoun.
Every student has an ID card.
У каждого студента есть удостоверение.
"Every" is a determiner and must be followed by a noun.
Every student has an ID card.
У каждого студента есть удостоверение.
"Every" is a determiner and must be followed by a noun.
Each of them has an ID card.
У каждого из них есть удостоверение.
"Each" functions independently in "each of them"; "every" cannot normally be used in this structure.
Each of them has an ID card.
У каждого из них есть удостоверение.
"Each" functions independently in "each of them"; "every" cannot normally be used in this structure.
Use distributive determiners with the correct agreement and meaning.
Common mistakes include using plural verbs after every, confusing each with all and using either or neither with more than two alternatives.
Every student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Every" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Every student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Every" takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Each student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Each" also takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Each student has a textbook.
У каждого студента есть учебник.
"Each" also takes a singular noun and singular verb.
Each of the students has a textbook.
У каждого из студентов есть учебник.
Use "each of", not "every of".
Each of the students has a textbook.
У каждого из студентов есть учебник.
Use "each of", not "every of".
Either of us can help.
Любой из нас двоих может помочь.
"Either of" is appropriate before the pronoun "us".
Either of us can help.
Любой из нас двоих может помочь.
"Either of" is appropriate before the pronoun "us".
Neither of them was ready.
Ни один из них не был готов.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Neither of them was ready.
Ни один из них не был готов.
Singular agreement is the standard formal pattern after "neither of".
Both of them were ready.
Они оба были готовы.
"Both" is used for exactly two people and takes plural agreement.
Both of them were ready.
Они оба были готовы.
"Both" is used for exactly two people and takes plural agreement.
All three students were ready.
Все трое студентов были готовы.
Use "all" rather than "both" when there are more than two people.
All three students were ready.
Все трое студентов были готовы.
Use "all" rather than "both" when there are more than two people.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
Use "neither" only when exactly two alternatives are being considered.
Neither answer is correct.
Ни один из двух ответов не является правильным.
Use "neither" only when exactly two alternatives are being considered.