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Grammar
Reported Speech

Reported Speech

Reported statements, questions, commands and reporting verbs.

Introduction to Reported Speech
Overview of direct and reported speech and the basic reporting structure.
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Reported Statements
Reporting affirmative and negative statements.
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Backshift of Tenses
Changing verb tenses when reporting speech.
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Changes in Pronouns, Time and Place
Changing pronouns, time expressions and place references in reported speech.
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Reported Questions
Reporting yes/no questions and wh-questions.
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Reported Commands and Requests
Reporting commands, requests, advice and instructions.
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Reporting Verbs
Using reporting verbs such as say, tell, ask, advise, promise and suggest.
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Reporting with Infinitives and Gerunds
Using infinitive and gerund constructions after reporting verbs.
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Special Cases
Situations where tense changes are optional or unnecessary and other special reporting patterns.
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Common Mistakes
Frequent learner mistakes involving reported speech.
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