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Formation and usage of the Future Perfect tense.
The Future Perfect describes an action that will be completed before a specified time or event in the future.
It looks forward from the present to a future point and describes something that will already have happened by then.
By next month, I will have finished the course.
К следующему месяцу я закончу курс.
Action completed before a future point.
By the time you arrive, we will have prepared everything.
К тому времени как ты приедешь, мы всё подготовим.
Completion before a future event.
In five years, she will have retired.
Через пять лет она выйдет на пенсию.
Future completion.
The Future Perfect is formed with will have followed by the past participle of the main verb.
The basic structure is subject + will have + past participle. For example, I will have finished and She will have arrived.
I will have finished.
Я закончу.
will have + past participle.
She will have arrived.
Она приедет.
will have + past participle.
They will have completed the task.
Они завершат задачу.
will have + past participle.
Affirmative Future Perfect sentences use will have followed by the past participle.
For example, By Friday, we will have completed the project.
By Friday, we will have completed the project.
К пятнице мы завершим проект.
Affirmative: will have + past participle.
She will have read the book by tomorrow evening.
К завтрашнему вечеру она прочитает книгу.
Future completion.
They will have moved to the new house by the end of the month.
К концу месяца они переедут в новый дом.
Affirmative.
Form negative Future Perfect sentences by placing not after will.
For example, They will not have finished the work by noon.
They will not have finished the work by noon.
К полудню они не закончат работу.
Negative: will not have + past participle.
She won't have received the package by Monday.
К понедельнику она не получит посылку.
Won't have.
I will not have saved enough money by the summer.
К лету я не накоплю достаточно денег.
Negative.
Form Future Perfect questions by placing will before the subject.
For example, Will you have finished by then? and How many chapters will she have read?
Will you have finished by then?
Ты закончишь к тому времени?
Yes/no question.
How many chapters will she have read?
Сколько глав она прочитает?
Wh-question.
Will they have arrived by six?
Они приедут к шести?
Question with by.
Short answers to Future Perfect questions normally use will or will not.
For example, Yes, I will. No, they will not.
Will you have finished? — Yes, I will.
Ты закончишь? — Да.
Short answer.
Will they have arrived? — No, they won't.
Они приедут? — Нет.
Negative short answer.
Will she have completed it? — Yes, she will.
Она завершит это? — Да.
Short answer.
Use the Future Perfect to show that an action will be complete before a particular future time.
For example, By next month, I will have finished the course.
By next month, I will have finished the course.
К следующему месяцу я закончу курс.
Completion before a future time.
By the end of the day, he will have written ten emails.
К концу дня он напишет десять писем.
Completed quantity by a time.
Before the guests arrive, she will have cooked dinner.
До прихода гостей она приготовит ужин.
Earlier completion.
By and by the time commonly introduce the future reference point before which an action will be completed.
For example, By 2030, they will have built a new airport. By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking.
By 2030, they will have built a new airport.
К 2030 году они построят новый аэропорт.
By + future point.
By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking.
К тому времени как ты приедешь, я закончу готовить.
By the time clause.
By Friday, they will have made a decision.
К пятнице они примут решение.
By + day.
The Future Perfect helps establish the order of future events by marking an earlier completed action.
For example, Once she arrives, we will have already prepared everything.
Once she arrives, we will have already prepared everything.
Как только она приедет, мы уже всё подготовим.
Marking earlier completed action.
He will call us after he has finished the report.
Он позвонит нам после того, как закончит отчёт.
Sequence: present perfect in time clause, future perfect in main? Actually after uses present perfect, main future.
By the time they see the results, we will have already moved on.
К тому времени как они увидят результаты, мы уже пойдём дальше.
Earlier completed action.
The Future Perfect can emphasize the result that will exist by a future point.
For example, By the end of the year, the company will have opened ten new offices.
By the end of the year, the company will have opened ten new offices.
К концу года компания откроет десять новых офисов.
Result achieved by a future point.
By the time of the conference, we will have signed the contract.
К моменту конференции мы подпишем контракт.
Result.
In five years, the city will have become a major technology hub.
Через пять лет город станет крупным технологическим центром.
Future result.
The Future Perfect is useful when the number or amount completed by a future time is important.
For example, By Friday, she will have written twenty reports.
By Friday, she will have written twenty reports.
К пятнице она напишет двадцать отчётов.
Quantity completed.
By the end of the month, they will have sold a hundred cars.
К концу месяца они продадут сто машин.
Completed number.
By the time the course ends, I will have learned 500 new words.
К концу курса я выучу 500 новых слов.
Quantity.
The Future Perfect can express a completed span of time by a future reference point.
For example, By June, I will have lived here for ten years.
By June, I will have lived here for ten years.
К июню я проживу здесь десять лет.
Duration completed by future point.
By next month, she will have worked at the bank for three years.
К следующему месяцу она проработает в банке три года.
Duration.
By the end of the week, they will have been married for twenty years.
К концу недели они будут женаты двадцать лет.
Duration.
For can describe the length of a period that will have been completed by a future point, while since identifies its starting point.
For example, By next year, she will have worked here for ten years.
By next year, she will have worked here for ten years.
К следующему году она проработает здесь десять лет.
for + period.
By 2028, he will have been at the company since 2010.
К 2028 году он будет в компании с 2010 года.
since + starting point.
By the time we retire, we will have paid off the mortgage for twenty years.
К моменту выхода на пенсию мы будем выплачивать ипотеку уже двадцать лет.
for + duration.
The Future Simple describes a future event, while the Future Perfect emphasizes that an action will be completed before another future point.
Compare I will finish the report tomorrow with I will have finished the report by tomorrow evening.
I will finish the report tomorrow.
Я закончу отчёт завтра.
Future Simple: simple event.
I will have finished the report by tomorrow evening.
К завтрашнему вечеру я закончу отчёт.
Future Perfect: completion before a point.
She will call you later.
Она позвонит тебе позже.
Future Simple.
By the time you call, she will have already left.
К тому времени как ты позвонишь, она уже уйдёт.
Future Perfect.
The Future Perfect focuses on completion before a future point, while the Future Continuous focuses on an activity in progress at that point.
Compare By six I will have finished the report with At six I will be writing the report.
By six I will have finished the report.
К шести я закончу отчёт.
Future Perfect: completion.
At six I will be writing the report.
В шесть я буду писать отчёт.
Future Continuous: activity in progress.
By the time you come, I will have cooked dinner.
К твоему приходу я приготовлю ужин.
Completion.
When you come, I will be cooking dinner.
Когда ты придёшь, я буду готовить ужин.
In progress.
The Future Perfect looks forward from the present to a future completion, while the Present Perfect connects a past action to the present.
Compare I have finished the work with I will have finished the work by Friday.
I have finished the work.
Я закончил работу.
Present Perfect: past action connected to now.
I will have finished the work by Friday.
Я закончу работу к пятнице.
Future Perfect: future completion.
She has already seen that movie.
Она уже видела этот фильм.
Present Perfect.
By the end of the week, she will have seen all three films.
К концу недели она посмотрит все три фильма.
Future Perfect.
The Future Perfect can appear in the main clause when a time clause establishes a future reference point.
For example, When you arrive, I will have finished the report.
When you arrive, I will have finished the report.
Когда ты приедешь, я закончу отчёт.
Future Perfect in main clause, present simple in time clause.
Before the meeting starts, we will have prepared all the documents.
До начала встречи мы подготовим все документы.
Completion before another future event.
Once she finishes the call, I will have already sent the email.
Как только она закончит разговор, я уже отправлю письмо.
Earlier completed action.
The Future Perfect can describe a result that will have been achieved if a future condition is satisfied.
For example, If we keep this pace, we will have finished by Friday.
If we keep this pace, we will have finished by Friday.
Если мы продолжим в таком темпе, мы закончим к пятнице.
Future Perfect after present simple condition.
If nothing goes wrong, they will have completed the project by next month.
Если ничего не пойдёт не так, они завершат проект к следующему месяцу.
Conditional future completion.
Unless there are delays, the building will have been renovated by summer.
Если не будет задержек, здание будет отремонтировано к лету.
Unless + future perfect.
The Future Perfect can express expectations about what will already be complete at a future time.
For example, By the time they arrive, the meeting will have ended.
By the time they arrive, the meeting will have ended.
К тому времени как они приедут, встреча закончится.
Prediction about completion.
By midnight, the snow will have stopped.
К полуночи снег прекратится.
Expectation.
By the end of the decade, scientists will have found a cure.
К концу десятилетия учёные найдут лекарство.
Future prediction of completion.
Use will have followed by the correct past participle and provide a meaningful future reference point.
Common mistakes include using the past tense instead of the past participle, omitting have, confusing the Future Perfect with the Future Continuous, and using the Future Perfect when simple future meaning is sufficient.
I will finished the work by Friday.
Я закончу работу к пятнице.
Incorrect: missing have; should be "will have finished".
She will have finish by six.
Она закончит к шести.
Incorrect: need past participle "finished", not base form.
At six I will have been finishing the report.
В шесть я закончу отчёт.
Incorrect: use Future Perfect simple "will have finished" for completion, not Future Perfect Continuous.
They will have arrived yesterday.
Они приедут вчера.
Incorrect: Future Perfect refers to future, not past; cannot use with "yesterday".
By next year, we will have know each other for ten years.
К следующему году мы будем знать друг друга десять лет.
Incorrect: past participle of "know" is "known", not "know".